Ke kila, alumina ʻoihana pahu hoʻokō nā pahu pahu hoʻolei kila ʻāpana hiʻohiʻona kūpono

Ke kila, alumina ʻoihana pahu hoʻokō nā pahu pahu hoʻolei kila ʻāpana hiʻohiʻona kūpono

Kiwi pōʻalo, kiwi honua, kiwi pepeke
E nānā ʻia nā hoʻoheheʻe kila o nā kiwi no kekona ma hope o ka ʻaʻahu ʻia a ʻoki ʻia, a e loiloi ʻia no nā hemahema like ʻole ma ka ʻili e like me nā kiʻi i kuhikuhi ʻia ma kēia maʻamau (e nānā i ka Mokuna 4). Ua hōʻiliʻili kēia maʻamau i nā ʻano makahiki he 12 (e ʻike i ka 4.1–4.12, ʻo kēlā me kēia ʻano kīnā he 5 mau hihia i hōʻike ʻia e A, B, C, D a me E. Ua wehewehe ʻia nā ʻano kīnā [type a} light c}} ma nā kiʻi helu. no nā hemahema o ka ʻili wale nō.
1 Kaulana
Hōʻike kēia maʻamau i nā ʻano a me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā hemahema o ka ʻili i nā valves, flanges, pipe fittings a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kila hoʻoemi ʻē aʻe.
Pili kēia maʻamau i ka nānā ʻana a me ka ʻae ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili o nā valves, flanges, pipe fittings a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kila hoʻokūkū ʻē aʻe.
2. Ka loiloi o ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili
Pono e nānā ʻia nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kila no kekona ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana a ʻokiʻoki ʻia, a pono e loiloi ʻia nā hemahema ma ka ʻili o nā pahu e like me nā kiʻi i kuhikuhi ʻia i kēia maʻamau (e nānā i ka Mokuna 4).
3. E helu i ka caption o ke kiʻi
3.1 E hōʻiliʻili kēia maʻamau i 12 mau ʻano makahiki defect surface (e nānā i ka 4.1–4.12), ʻo kēlā me kēia ʻano kīnā he 5 hihia i hōʻike ʻia e A, B, C, D a me E, ʻelua mau hihia i hōʻike ʻia e A a me B ua ʻae ʻia (kūpono), a ʻekolu mau hihia. o C, D a me E he mau hemahema hiki ole ke aponoia. I ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā pilikia i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā waxes e hoʻohana ana i ka maʻamau like e hoʻoholo ai i ka nui o ka overwidth o ka ʻili hoʻoheheʻe, ʻo nā kiʻi 60 i hāʻawi ʻia i kēia maʻamau he mau hiʻohiʻona o nā kaha kiʻi maoli o kēlā me kēia 4 X 100 mm X 125 mm wahi o ka hoʻolei ʻia. ʻilikai.
3. 2 Ua wehewehe ʻia nā ʻano hemahema a pau i nā kiʻi helu [Kano a} māmā c}} e pili wale i nā hemahema o ka ʻili. ʻO nā ʻano a me nā hiʻohiʻona o kēlā me kēia kīnā ʻili i wehewehe ʻia penei:
a} māwae: māhā laina ma luna o ka ʻili o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kila ma muli o ka hana o nā koʻikoʻi o loko a me waho. ʻAʻole kūpono nā māwae ʻike maʻamau.
b) Ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana: Ma muli o ka metala}}L-1}}, i ka ninini ʻana a me ka ʻokiʻoki ʻana o ke kila kila, ʻano like ʻole ke ʻano, ʻaʻole ka pā a aia nā puka aniani e like me dendri.
C) Ke one (slag): nā puka me ke one (slag) i hana ʻia ma ka ʻili o ke kila kila ma muli o ke komo ʻana o ke one i loko o ka metala i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.
d) Pores: ma muli o ka hui ʻana o ke kinoea i loko o ka metala i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a me ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā ʻano nui like ʻole ma ka ʻili o ka skim l ", ua paheʻe ka paia o ka puka a me ke ʻano o ka pear, poepoe, oval a i ʻole nā ​​puka kui.
e (Ridged projection): He spike (puke) metala metala ma luna o ka ili o ke kila. ʻO ke ʻano o ka puʻunaue like ʻole, reticular a i ʻole vein-like o nā burrs i kapa ʻia nā veins.
f) Huʻu iole: ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā indentations pāpaʻu (emi iho ma mua o 5~) me nā kihi koʻikoʻi ma luna o ka ʻili o ka skimmer ma muli o nā hemahema a i ʻole ka deformation o ka ʻili one.
g) ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale anuanu a me ka crease: nā ʻāpana penetrative a impenetrable paha i hana ʻia ma ka ʻili o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kila i ke ʻano o nā kihi poʻe ma muli o ka hoʻohui ʻole ʻana o ke ʻano hula. I ka epidermis maʻamau me kahi pūnaewele hohonu o nā ʻauwaʻa i kapa ʻia ʻo creases.
h) ʻOki ʻili: ke kila i hoʻolei ʻia i ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ʻoki a ninini ʻana, riser, ma muli o ke kāʻei kūpono ʻole i waiho ʻia.
i) ʻAha: ʻo nā mea metala i hana ʻia ma ka ʻili o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kila. He oolea ka ili, he oi ka lihi, he wahi metala lana leo liilii a ua pili ke kino kila i hoopae lima ia, a he one one ma waena o ka pehu a me ka hoolei.
j} Kaʻili pale: Haʻalele ʻia ma ka ʻili o ke kila i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma muli o ka heheʻe ʻole ʻana o ke kaula kumu a i ʻole ka pahu hau o loko.
k) Welding scar: waiho ʻia ka hana kuʻi ʻana o nā hoʻoheheʻe kila ma muli o ka hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ʻole ʻana ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana.
l) Ka ʻili ʻili: ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka ʻili o ka mea hoʻolei kila.
4 Kiʻi helu
4. 1 ʻAno a): māwae